Sains Malaysiana 52(11)(2023): 3147-3162
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5211-10
Optimization
of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn.)
Anthocyanin Extraction Parameter by Response Surface Modeling and Potential of Roselle Agro-Waste as Alternative Sources of Anthocyanin
(Pengoptimuman Parameter Pengekstrakan Antosianin Rosel (Hibiscus
sabdariffa Linn.) Mengikut Pemodelan Permukaan Tindak Balas dan Potensi Sisa Agro Rosel sebagai Punca Alternatif Antosianin)
NURUL NADIAH ABU BAKAR1, JALIFAH LATIP1, SYAIFUZAH SAPIAN2 & ROZIDA MOHD
KHALID1,*
1Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of
Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi,
Selangor, Malaysia
2Centre for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and
Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 8 Jun 2023/Diterima: 24 Oktober 2023
Abstract
Roselle or Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. is a perennial
plant with a high concentration of anthocyanin in the calyx. This study optimized the extraction conditions
for maximum anthocyanin yield in the calyx using response surface methodology
(RSM) and face-centered central composite design
(FCCCD), which showed that ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) method with 70%
ethanol concentration (v/v) at 35 minutes had the highest total anthocyanin
content (TAC) which at 5.277 mg Cya3G/g DW. Using this optimised extraction
method, roselle agro-waste which are calyx residue,
leaf and stem were extracted and tested for TAC. The
highest TAC was found in the calyx residue
(3.011 mg Cya3G/g DW), followed by stems (0.077 mg Cya3G/g DW), and leaves
(0.073 mg Cya3G/g DW). This study also
quantified the concentration of two major anthocyanins using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and compared the total
phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of calyx and calyx
residue extracts. Our findings showed that the TAC of calyx residue extracts was
significantly low compared to calyx extracts. However, there were no
significant differences in the TPC and TFC values. These results suggest that
calyx residue, which is typically discarded after processing of calyx products,
is a good source of phenolics and flavonoids and
compatible with fresh calyx. In addition, calyx residues are still a good
source of anthocyanins, making it an added-value for
the roselle industry.
Keyword: Anthocyanins; face-centered central composite design; HPLC; Response Surface Methodology; roselle
Abstrak
Rosel atau Hibiscus
sabdariffa Linn. ialah sejenis tumbuhan berumur panjang yang mengandungi kepekatan tinggi antosianin di kaliksnya. Kajian ini mengoptimumkan keadaan pengekstrakan bagi mendapatkan hasil antosianin maksimum di kaliks menggunakan metodologi rangsangan permukaan (RSM) dan reka bentuk komposit berpusatkan muka (FCCCD) yang menunjukkan bahawa kaedah pengekstrakan dengan bantuan gelombang bunyi (UAE) menggunakan kepekatan etanol 70% (v/v) selama 35 minit mempunyai kandungan antosianin keseluruhan tertinggi (TAC) iaitu pada nilai 5.277 mg Cya3G/g BK. Dengan menggunakan kaedah pengekstrakan yang telah dioptimumkan ini, sisa pertanian roselle seperti sisa kaliks, daun dan batang diekstrak dan diuji untuk TAC. TAC tertinggi ditemui dalam sisa kaliks (3.011 mg Cya3G/g BK), diikuti oleh batang (0.077 mg
Cya3G/g BK) dan daun (0.073
mg Cya3G/g BK). Kajian ini juga mengkuantifikasi kepekatan dua jenis antosianin utama menggunakan kromatografi cecair prestasi tinggi (HPLC) serta membandingkan kandungan fenol keseluruhan (TPC) dan kandungan flavonoid keseluruhan (TFC) antara ekstrak kaliks dan sisa kaliks. Hasil kajian kami menunjukkan bahawa TAC ekstrak sisa kaliks adalah jauh lebih rendah berbanding ekstrak kaliks. Namun begitu, tidak terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan dalam nilai TPC dan TFC. Hasil ini mencadangkan bahawa sisa kaliks yang biasanya dibuang selepas proses penghasilan produk kaliks adalah sumber yang baik untuk fenol dan flavonoid, sejajar dengan kaliks segar. Selain itu, sisa kaliks masih merupakan sumber yang baik untuk antosianin dan menjadikannya tambahan nilai bagi industri rosel.
Kata kunci: Antosianin; HPLC; Metodologi Rangsangan Permukaan; reka bentuk komposit berpusatkan muka; rosel
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: rozidakhalid@ukm.edu.my
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